Scope and Contents From the Series: Mapping Segregation in Washington D.C.: School Integration in Ward 4 documents the transformation of Ward 4 neighborhoods and schools during the 1950s and early 1960s. Ward 4 was predominantly white in the early 1940s, but saw a shift in demographics as white families fled after the 1954 U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Bolling v. Sharpe, in which public school segregation was deemed unconstitutional in the District of Columbia. This project interviews Ward 4 residents that were among the first...

Scope and Contents

In this interview, Francine Berkowitz discusses growing up in Northeast Washington in a predominantly lower-middle class Jewish neighborhood. She also describes attending Tifereth Israel Synagogue, school integration, shopping, and her career with the Smithsonian.

Scope and Contents From the Series: Mapping Segregation in Washington D.C.: School Integration in Ward 4 documents the transformation of Ward 4 neighborhoods and schools during the 1950s and early 1960s. Ward 4 was predominantly white in the early 1940s, but saw a shift in demographics as white families fled after the 1954 U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Bolling v. Sharpe, in which public school segregation was deemed unconstitutional in the District of Columbia. This project interviews Ward 4 residents that were among the first...

Scope and Contents

In this interview, Francine Berkowitz discusses growing up in Northeast Washington in a predominantly lower-middle class Jewish neighborhood. She also describes attending Tifereth Israel Synagogue, school integration, shopping, and her career with the Smithsonian.

Scope and Contents

In this interview, Francine Berkowitz discusses growing up in Northeast Washington in a predominantly lower-middle class Jewish neighborhood. She also describes attending Tifereth Israel Synagogue, school integration, shopping, and her career with the Smithsonian.